It can be said that every component of the universe performs some form of motion. Motion is a very common concept that we come across in day-to-day life. When an object is moved from its initial position in a particular interval of time, it is said to be under motion. Motion can be defined as any object or body changing its position in its surroundings concerning time. Let’s learn about the meaning of motion, circular motion, the types of circular motion, its properties, and how to derive a velocity of a body performing the circular motion. $F_ $.Circular motion is a motion in which a body travels a definite distance along a circular path. Now, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, so net forces in the vertical or $y$ direction must be zero i.e. So, there are two external forces acting on the mass $m$, gravitational force $mg$ pointed vertically downwards and tension $T$ acting along the string as shown. Let’s say that the string makes an angle $\theta$ with the vertical. Now before we get into the kinematics of circular motion, let’s understand the difference between two similar terms circular motion and rotational motion In non-uniform acceleration, the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the particle are changing with time, which means it has a component in the direction of the velocity (tangential acceleration) and an acceleration perpendicular to it’s direction (centripetal acceleration) which rotates the velocity vector. Well as we will see later when discussing kinematics of circular motion, there is NO acceleration in the direction of the velocity but there is an acceleration perpendicular to it, which is, as we will shall see later, always pointed towards the center of the circle and hence the name centripetal acceleration So what does this mean for its acceleration? And this means that its angular velocity (number of radians covered per second) is also constant. In other words, while the direction of the velocity is changing, it’s magnitude is constant. In uniform circular motion, the ‘speed’ of the particle is constant. With that, let’s start with types of circular motion for which you might want to carefully examine the video and carefully look at the involved forces and accelerations Towards the end we will look at the simple harmonic motion of the $x$ and $y$ projections of the particle in uniform circular motion Then we will get into the kinematics of the circular motion, where we will talk about the centripetal and tangential accelerations (Note: in uniform circular motion we only have centripetal acceleration), and we will also touch upon ways to determine average acceleration or average velocity over a given duration of interest.Īfterwards, we will deep dive into uniform circular motion and we will study horizontal circular motion, conical pendulum moving in a circle, circular motion of a car on a level road, circular motion of a car on a banked road and circular motion at constant speed in vertical plane.Īnd then we will jump into non-uniform circular motion and examine non-uniform circular motion in horizontal plane, accelerated circular motion of a car on a level road, and non-uniform motion in a vertical plane Following which we will quickly dive into difference between circular motion (of a particle) and rotational motion (of a rigid body, where in different particles of the rigid body may be in circular motion moving at different speeds). Let’s explore circular motion! And we will begin with a brief understanding of types of circular motion (uniform and non-uniform circular motion).
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